Question

Who discovered “ribosomes” in animal cells?
a. Mendel
b. Hooke
c. McCarty
d. Claude

Answer 1

Hint: Ribosomes are found in cytoplasm as well as on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. These help in the synthesis of proteins with the help of mRNA in the cytoplasm.

Complete answer:
> Option A:
Mendel (Gregor Johann Mendel) is called the father of genetics because he founded a new branch of biology. It deals with the transmission of characters from parents to offspring, called inheritance and heredity.

> Option B:
Hooke (Robert Hooke) discovered hexagonal structures in the cork section using his own designed microscope in 1665. He named these structures as cells.

> Option C:
McCarty (Maclyn McCarty) was the first scientist who proved through his experiments that the DNA is the genetic material in all organisms rather than protein. Initially, protein was considered as the genetic material.

> Option D:
Claude (Albert Claude) developed the technique of cell filtration. This technique is used for the discovery of most of the cell organelles like ribosome, mitochondria etc. in animal cells. He won the Nobel Prize in 1974 for the discovery of ribosomes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Note: Ribosomes are spherical structures and are very minute in size. They are the main organelles, which are involved in the protein synthesis with the help of mRNA. The process of protein synthesis is called translation. It takes place in the cytoplasm and inside the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The sequence of the protein is decided by the genes that codes for mRNA, which contains the information for the sequence of proteins.