Question

What is diffusion and how does the rate of diffusion depend on density and write some applications of diffusion.

Answer 1

Hint: Particles move from higher concentration to lower concentration to reduce their overall energy as stated every system tries to reduce its overall energy this phenomenon happens in liquids and gases only.

Complete step by step solution:
> Diffusion: the movement of particles (gases or liquid) from their higher concentration to lower concentration with any external disturbance as they internally collide with each other and eventually spread throughout the empty space.
> Rate of diffusion depends on many factors. The concentration gradient (as is the concentration distribution across a distance
> Equilibrium of the system (equilibrium also decides rate of diffusion once it is reached, diffusion sate began to decrease Diffusion depends upon following factors:
1) Temperature: As temperature increases, kinetic energy increases and then collision rate too increases and it causes them to move faster and hence diffuse faster in space.
2) Mass of particle: heavy particles may move slowly and hence decrease diffusion rate . Application of diffusion:
- Perfumes (or air fresheners) – when sprayed in one corner of room, it passes and spreads throughout the room
- Respiration and many other body processes includes diffusion
- Intracellular motion in plants and some substances also take place due to diffusion.

Note:Graham's law on rate of diffusion states that rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to under root of molar mass of a gas.
$$(r)\alpha {\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{M}}}$$
r = rate of diffusion
M = Molar mass of gas