Question

Differentiate between the following pair of terms: -
(a) Stimulus and impulse.
(b) Receptor and effector.
(c) Motor nerve and sensory nerve.

Answer 1

Hint: The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and the nerves that link these organs to the rest of the body. These organs work together to regulate the body and communicate with its various parts.

Complete answer:
(a) Stimulus and impulse.

Stimulus	impulse
A stimulus is a measurable alteration in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment in physiology	The signal that moves along the length of a nerve fibre and results in neurotransmitter release.
A stimulus is a change in the environment that can be caused by both internal and external factors.	Nerve impulses are the means by which information is transmitted through the nervous system and along the neuron.
This signal is transmitted to the brain, where it aids involuntary movements in response to a stimulus.	An impulse is a wave of an electrical signal that is transmitted through the nervous system in response to stimuli.

(b) Receptor and effector.

Receptor	effector
Receptors are the organs responsible for receiving external stimuli and transmitting them to the Central Nervous System.	Effectors are the organs that carry out the central nervous system's instructions in response to external stimuli.
All receptors are essentially supplied by sensory nerves that can carry the stimulus to the CNS.	Effectors are primarily supplied by motor nerves, which are capable of carrying instructions from the CNS.
Skin, eye, ear, nose, and tongue are all examples of receptors.	Effectors are either muscles or glands.

(c) Motor nerve and sensory nerve.

Motor nerve	sensory nerve
Motor neurons are neurons that carry motor impulses from the central nervous system to specific effectors.	Sensory neurons are neurons that carry sensory impulses from sensory organs to the central nervous system.
They are found in the spinal cord's ventral root ganglion.	They are found in the spinal nerve's dorsal root ganglion.
It is bipolar.	It has a single-pole
The body contains half a million motor neurons	An adult's body contains approximately 10 million sensory nerves

Note: A sensory neuron is a type of nerve cell that transmits impulses from a receptor organ such as those in the eye, ear, or any part of the body to the nervous system. A motor neuron sends signals from the central nervous system to an effector organ, such as a muscle.