Question

Describe the electron microscopic structure of a cell wall and state its functions.

Answer 1

Hint: Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons instead of beams or rays of light. We can't observe living cells using an electron microscope because the samples are placed in a vacuum. The ultrastructure of different cell organelles is studied only after the invention of the electron microscope.

Complete answer:
The information regarding the cell wall is given below:
-The cell wall is part of the apoplast and thus located between the cuticle and the plasma membrane.
-There may be two to three layers in a typical cell wall depending upon the type or kind of the cells.
-These layers are varied in thickness, macromolecular composition, and perform various functions in different organisms.
-The structural material of the cell wall is deposited evenly all around the cell to make a cell wall.
-The new cells continue being produced around the parent cell, so new layers are added around the cell with additional material included between the plasma membrane of the cells as well as the previously added layers.
The names of the three layers of a cell wall are written below:
-Middle lamella
-Primary cell wall
Secondary cell wall
In addition to defining the shape of plant cells, a cell wall has a few other functions also that include hosting various channels,acting as a line of defense against a variety of external factors and as pores and receptors that regulate various functions of a cell.

Note: Animals do not have cell walls in them but plants have. The cell wall of plants is composed of cellulosic material. The fungi have cell walls made up of chitin. Also, the prokaryotic cells that are bacteria have a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan and muramic acid.