Answer
405.3k+ views
Hint: Aniline is the common name for compound in which ${\text{ - N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}$ functional group is attached with benzene. Since \[{\text{ - N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\] group is not a good leaving group so we convert it into a good leaving group by diazotizing it.
Complete step by step answer:
First we will convert the aniline to benzene diazonium chloride to make amine a better leaving group
Aniline Benzene diazonium chloride
This is the diazotization of the amine group into diazonium salt with the help of \[{\text{NaN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ + HCl}}\] at \[{\text{0^\circ C}}\]
This step is the most important step.
Now we will react this benzene diazonium chloride with hypophosphorous acid to convert it to benzene.
On reacting with hypophosphorous acid the diazonium salt releases nitrogen gas and benzene is formed.
In the above reaction the first step is very important as it increases the leaving capacity of nitrogen. The reagents \[{\text{NaN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ + HCl}}\] gives \[{\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\] which converts the \[{\text{ - N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\] group into oxime group \[{\text{ - N = N - OH}}\]
This oxime is unstable and reacts with remaining \[{\text{HCl}}\] in the container to form \[{{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ + }}{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^{\text{ - }}}\] which is called diazonium chloride. This diazonium can react with a variety of different reagents to form a large variety of different products from those compounds who have poor leaving groups. The poor leaving group converts to a very good leaving group like diazonium chloride and forms a product further.
Note: After diazotization the benzene diazonium chloride salt can be converted to fluoro-benzene by Schiemann’s reaction , chloro-benzene by Sandmeyer reaction , iodo-benzene by Gattermann reaction, benzene by hypo-phosphorus acid etc.
The mixture of \[{\text{NaN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ + HCl}}\] should be freshly prepared so that only \[{\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\] is formed otherwise it will convert to \[{\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\] nitric acid which cannot be a nucleophile for this reaction.
Complete step by step answer:
First we will convert the aniline to benzene diazonium chloride to make amine a better leaving group
![seo images](https://www.vedantu.com/question-sets/16907e4b-fcd8-4be4-a84b-823981080aba5198271912871382148.png)
Aniline Benzene diazonium chloride
This is the diazotization of the amine group into diazonium salt with the help of \[{\text{NaN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ + HCl}}\] at \[{\text{0^\circ C}}\]
This step is the most important step.
Now we will react this benzene diazonium chloride with hypophosphorous acid to convert it to benzene.
![seo images](https://www.vedantu.com/question-sets/ddec4ba9-0718-411d-ba3a-96595937c7c4196069285998380204.png)
On reacting with hypophosphorous acid the diazonium salt releases nitrogen gas and benzene is formed.
In the above reaction the first step is very important as it increases the leaving capacity of nitrogen. The reagents \[{\text{NaN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ + HCl}}\] gives \[{\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\] which converts the \[{\text{ - N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\] group into oxime group \[{\text{ - N = N - OH}}\]
This oxime is unstable and reacts with remaining \[{\text{HCl}}\] in the container to form \[{{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ + }}{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^{\text{ - }}}\] which is called diazonium chloride. This diazonium can react with a variety of different reagents to form a large variety of different products from those compounds who have poor leaving groups. The poor leaving group converts to a very good leaving group like diazonium chloride and forms a product further.
Note: After diazotization the benzene diazonium chloride salt can be converted to fluoro-benzene by Schiemann’s reaction , chloro-benzene by Sandmeyer reaction , iodo-benzene by Gattermann reaction, benzene by hypo-phosphorus acid etc.
The mixture of \[{\text{NaN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ + HCl}}\] should be freshly prepared so that only \[{\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\] is formed otherwise it will convert to \[{\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\] nitric acid which cannot be a nucleophile for this reaction.
Recently Updated Pages
How many sigma and pi bonds are present in HCequiv class 11 chemistry CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Why Are Noble Gases NonReactive class 11 chemistry CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Let X and Y be the sets of all positive divisors of class 11 maths CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Let x and y be 2 real numbers which satisfy the equations class 11 maths CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Let x 4log 2sqrt 9k 1 + 7 and y dfrac132log 2sqrt5 class 11 maths CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Let x22ax+b20 and x22bx+a20 be two equations Then the class 11 maths CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Trending doubts
Fill the blanks with the suitable prepositions 1 The class 9 english CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
At which age domestication of animals started A Neolithic class 11 social science CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Which are the Top 10 Largest Countries of the World?
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Give 10 examples for herbs , shrubs , climbers , creepers
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Difference between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic class 11 biology CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Difference Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Write a letter to the principal requesting him to grant class 10 english CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Change the following sentences into negative and interrogative class 10 english CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Fill in the blanks A 1 lakh ten thousand B 1 million class 9 maths CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)