Question

Consider the following statements each with one or two blanks.
(I) The bile duct and the pancreatic duct open together into the duodenum as the
(1)_____which is guarded by a sphincter called the (2)______.
(II) (3)______is a proteolytic enzyme found in gastric juice of infants which helps in the digestion of milk proteins.
(III) Fatty acids and glycerol being insoluble, cannot be absorbed into the blood. They are the first incorporated into small droplets called (4)______which move into the intestinal mucosa. They are re-formed into very small protein coated fat globules called the (5)_____which are transported into the lymph vessels (lacteals) in the villi.
Which of the following options give the correct fill ups for the respective blanks in the above statements?
A. (1) – common bile duct, (2) – sphincter of Boyden, (3) – Pepsin.
B. (3) – Rennin, (4) – chime, (5) – micelles
C. (1) – Common hepato-pancreatic duct, (2) – sphincter of Oddi, (4) – micelles, (5) – chylomicrons
D. (3) – Casein, (4) – chylomicrons, (5) – micelles.

Answer 1

Hint: Ducts are the passage or a tube that are lined with epithelial cells. Enzymes are the proteins that act as catalysts that increase the rate of the reaction. Fatty acids are the building blocks of the fat in our body.

Complete Answer:
Case 1: The bile duct and the pancreatic duct open together into the duodenum as the common hepato-pancreatic duct which is guarded by a sphincter called the Sphincter of Oddi. Common hepato-pancreatic duct is formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct. Sphincter of Oddi is the muscular valve that surrounds the exit of common hepato-pancreatic duct. This sphincter is normally closed, only open in the response to a meal so that digestive juices can enter the duodenum and mix with food for digestion.

Case 2: Rennin is a proteolytic enzyme found in gastric juice of infants which helps in the digestion of milk products. Proteolytic enzymes are the enzymes that are responsible for the breakage of bond between the protein molecules or degradation of protein molecules. Rennin is also called the Chymosin. Its role is to coagulate milk in the stomach of infants.

Case 3: Fatty acids and glycerol being insoluble, cannot be absorbed into the blood. They are first incorporated into small droplets called micelles which move into the intestinal mucosa. They are re-formed into very small protein coated fat globules called the chylomicrons which are transported into the lymph vessels (lacteals) in the villi. After that lacteals release absorbed substances into the bloodstream.

Therefore, it is clear from the above discussion that the option C is the correct answer.

Note: Physiology is the study of how living beings function in sickness and in healthy condition. Physiology enables us to understand the body functions. So that one can treat the abnormal condition or any disease.