Question

Congestion of the lungs is one of the main symptoms in
(a) Hypertension
(b) Angina
(c) Heart failure
(d) Coronary artery disease

Answer 1

Hint: Lung congestion is caused due to accumulation of blood inside the alveoli due to pressure buildup in alveolar capillaries and pulmonary veins. The pressure inside pulmonary veins is due to the backflow of blood from the heart.

Complete answer:
In lung congestion, there is a deposition of blood in the alveoli due to the distinction of blood in capillaries of alveoli causing difficulty in breathing for the patient. This is caused when the left side of the heart fails to function properly i.e, the inability of the heart to pump blood into systemic circulation results in increased pressure in pulmonary veins and capillaries of alveoli causes lung congestion.

Additional Information: - When the left side of the heart fails to pump oxygenated blood into the systemic circulatory system pressure inside the pulmonary veins that carry oxygenated from lungs increases and because of this blood pressure inside the capillaries also increases
- At one stage blood inside the alveoli capillaries blew out and entered into alveoli. Because of the deposition of blood in alveoli exchange of gases decreases and the person experience shortness of breath
- This pressure build-up in alveolar capillaries is also caused by the narrowing of mitral valves results in passive lung congestion
- Iron pigment inside the red blood cells that congests inside the alveoli spread throughout the lungs and results in scar tissue formation
- In lung congestion, alveolar walls get thicken and because of this there will be difficulty in the exchange of gases
- If the disease is left untreated it progresses and results in blood discharge and skin becomes blue in color.
So, the correct answer is 'Heart failure'

Note: If whole blood is deposited inside the alveoli because of pressing inside the capillaries of alveoli and pulmonary veins it is called lung congestion. instead of whole blood if the alveoli are filled with the plasma of blood is called pulmonary edema.
Chest pain, weight loss, cough with blood in severe conditions, shortness of breath, pneumonia, and bronchitis are symptoms of lung congestion.