Question

Chlorine atom and Chloride ions are:
A. Have an equal number of protons
B. Have an equal number of electrons
C. Form covalent bonds
D. React spontaneously with water

Answer 1

Hint: For solving this question we must have knowledge of the structure of atoms. Lewis structure will help us to know about bonding.

Complete step by step solution:
We must know about their structure and their configuration.
Chlorine atom-$Cl$ , Chloride ion- $$C{l}^{-}$$
First of all we should have knowledge about no. of electrons in these two species.
$Cl$ Atom- 17 electron, $$C{l}^{-}$$ -18 electrons
Their electronic configuration is $Cl$- 2, 8, 7 and $$C{l}^{-}$$-2, 8, 8
Now as we can see one electron is added to the chlorine atom then chloride ion is formed. But in addition to one electron there is no change in composition of the nucleus. Hence No. of protons are the same in both of the species.
Hence option A is correct.

Chlorine atoms have 17 electrons and Chloride ions have 18 electrons so No. of electrons are different.
Hence Option B is an incorrect option.

Electronic configuration of $Cl$ atom-2, 8, 7 and $$C{l}^{-}$$-2, 8, 8 so chlorine atoms have 7 electrons in the outer valence shell so it shares 1 electron to form covalent bonds. And chloride ions have 8 electrons in the outermost valence shell so their octet is complete.
Hence both of them don’t form covalent boards.
So Option C is an incorrect option.

Chlorine atoms react spontaneously with water and chloride ion does not.
Hence Option D is incorrect.

The correct option is A: Have an equal number of protons

Note:
Remember if the electron is increased in the chlorine atom to form chloride ion then nucleus configuration doesn’t change so no. of protons are the same. Also learn to write electronic configurations correctly.