Question

What is the characteristic of Funaria?
A) Scalariform
B) Xylem
C) Elaters
D) Peristome

Answer 1

Hint: 1) Funaria is a moss genus of about 210 species.
2) The most widespread genus is Funaria hygrometrica.
3) Funaria hygrometrica is known as "cord moss" due to its twisted seta, which is very hygroscopic and untwists when wet.

Complete answer
Option A: Thickenings that are scalariform or ladder-like. This form of thickening is typical in xylem vessels and protoxylem tracheids. As a result, option A is incorrect.
Option B: Funaria is a moss genus of around 200 species. There are primitive multicellular plants that are autotrophic, prefer shade, and are amphibious. They replicate by the production of spores. They lack a vascular structure, such as xylem and phloem. As a result, option B is erroneous.
Option C: In Funaria, the foot, seta, and central sterile part of theca are referred to as columella. Elaters are not found in Funaria. Option C is erroneous as well.
OptionD: In Funaria, each peristome is a ring of triangular "teeth" shaped from the remains of dead cells with thickened cell walls. There are usually 16 such teeth in a single peristome, each different and capable of folding in to cover the stoma as well as folding back to expose the stoma. As a result, option D is right.

Solution
The peristome is located directly under the operculum Funaria. It is made up of two overlapping rings of peristomial teeth, which are long, conical teeth. Each collection contains sixteen teeth. Both sets' teeth are on the same radii and therefore opposite each other. As a result, D is the right answer.

Note:
1) Capsules abound, with the moss remaining as a spore when conditions are unfavorable.
2) During the rainy season, the moss plant Funaria grows in thick patches or cushions in damp, shady, and cool locations.
3) It grows to a height of 3–5 cm, has radial symmetry, and leaves or phylloid are multicellular colorless branched rhizoids with oblique septa.