
How do you calculate the electronegativity of an element?
Answer
484.5k+ views
2 likes
Hint Electronegativity is the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons or electron density toward itself within a covalent bond. Electronegativity depends upon the force of attraction between the nucleus and bonding electrons in the outer shell. Electronegativity of any given element is not constant. It varies according to the element to which it is bound. It is not a measurable quantity. It is only a relative number.
Electronegativity of an element is determined through Mulliken scale, and electronegativity difference of two elements is calculated through polling scale. Allred Roschow's scale is also used to calculate the electronegativity of an atom.
Complete Step by step solution:
(i) Electronegativity was first explained by polling. Polling calculated electronegativity difference between two atoms in a chemical bond on the bases of bond energy or resonance energy of the atoms.
According to polling scale
Here is the resonance of the molecule AB.
(ii) According to Mulliken electronegativity is average value of ionisation potential (minimum energy required to remove most loosely bounded outermost shell electron in ground state from an isolated gaseous atom) and electron affinity (energy release when an electron is added to natural isolated gaseous atom) of an element.
Here, represents the electronegativity of an element ‘M’.
(iii) As per Roschow’s, electronegativity is the force by which the nucleus of an atom attracts electrons which are on the covalent radius(r).
Where denotes the effective nuclear charge of the atom and ‘r’ denotes the radius of the atom.
Note: Small atoms are normally having more electronegativity than the larger atoms. Electronegativity of an element is unit less quantity. Electronegativity regularly increases in a period because moving in the period size or radius of the element decreases regularly and electronegativity does not depend on electronic configuration of element.
Electronegativity of an element is determined through Mulliken scale, and electronegativity difference of two elements is calculated through polling scale. Allred Roschow's scale is also used to calculate the electronegativity of an atom.
Complete Step by step solution:
(i) Electronegativity was first explained by polling. Polling calculated electronegativity difference between two atoms in a chemical bond on the bases of bond energy or resonance energy of the atoms.
According to polling scale
Here
(ii) According to Mulliken electronegativity is average value of ionisation potential (minimum energy required to remove most loosely bounded outermost shell electron in ground state from an isolated gaseous atom) and electron affinity (energy release when an electron is added to natural isolated gaseous atom) of an element.
Here,
(iii) As per Roschow’s, electronegativity is the force by which the nucleus of an atom attracts electrons which are on the covalent radius(r).
Where
Note: Small atoms are normally having more electronegativity than the larger atoms. Electronegativity of an element is unit less quantity. Electronegativity regularly increases in a period because moving in the period size or radius of the element decreases regularly and electronegativity does not depend on electronic configuration of element.
Latest Vedantu courses for you
Grade 10 | CBSE | SCHOOL | English
Vedantu 10 CBSE Pro Course - (2025-26)
School Full course for CBSE students
₹37,300 per year
Recently Updated Pages
Master Class 11 Business Studies: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 11 Economics: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 11 Accountancy: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 11 Computer Science: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 11 English: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 11 Maths: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Trending doubts
The flightless birds Rhea Kiwi and Emu respectively class 11 biology CBSE

Difference Between Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells

1 ton equals to A 100 kg B 1000 kg C 10 kg D 10000 class 11 physics CBSE

One Metric ton is equal to kg A 10000 B 1000 C 100 class 11 physics CBSE

1 Quintal is equal to a 110 kg b 10 kg c 100kg d 1000 class 11 physics CBSE

Net gain of ATP in glycolysis a 6 b 2 c 4 d 8 class 11 biology CBSE
