Question

Calculate the effective nuclear charge for 3d-electron of nickel atoms.

Answer 1

Hint: To solve this question we need to understand first the term effective nuclear charge then only we will find the effective nuclear charge for 3d electrons of nickel atoms. Effective nuclear charge refers, after consideration, to the number of protective electrons surrounding the nucleus by the outermost (valence) electrons of a multi-electron atom. The trend in the periodic table is to grow and to increase a group over a period.

Complete answer:
The formula for the effective nuclear charge calculation of a single electron is:
$Z_{eff}=Z-S$
Where $Z_{eff}$ is the effective nuclear charge and Z is the number of protons in the nucleus and S is the average amount of electron density between nucleus and electron.
Now for calculating the effective nuclear charge of the nickel atom
As we know that for nickel Z = 28 the atomic number of nickel
S = 20.45
Substituting these values in the formula of Z effective mentioned above, we get
$Z_{eff}=Z-S$
$Z_{eff}=28-20.45=7.55$
Hence, the value of Z effective is 7.55 for nickel atoms.
Additional Information- Electron charge density is the electron density of any atom / ion / compound present at a given time in the electron cloud. It is the place where electrons have the highest probability at a given time. The polarization of cation and polarization of anion can change it.

Note: In the above question we have been asked to calculate the effective nuclear charge and in order to calculate the effective nuclear charge of other atoms, you need to remember the atomic number of all the elements because the number of protons is equal to the atomic number of the element and also remember the electron density of the elements.