Question

Boiling points of aldehydes and ketones are:
A. higher than hydrocarbons and ethers
B. higher than hydrocarbons but lower than ethers
C. higher than ethers but lower than hydrocarbons
D. lower than hydrocarbons and ethers

Answer 1

Hint: Aldehydes are defined as the chemical compounds having functional groups CHO in which the central carbon has a carbonyl compound and that carbon is attached with hydrogen and to any side chain. Ketones are the chemical compounds that contain carbonyl compounds at the central carbon of a molecule.
The energy required to convert a substance from liquid to gas is known as heat of vaporization.
Boiling point of a liquid is defined as a temperature at which vapor pressure of liquid is equal to the pressure surrounding the liquid. It is temperature that changes a liquid into its vapor form.

Complete step by step answer:
Before talking about the answer let us understand what is aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons and ether.
Aldehyde contains $s{{p}^{2}}$ hybrid carbon which is connected by a double to oxygen and a single bond to hydrogen atom. The carbon hydrogen bond is not acidic because the carbon hydrogen bond is resonance stabilized. Aldehydes are soluble in water.
Hydrocarbon is defined as an organic compound that consists of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons produce natural gas, coal and many other energy sources. On combustion, hydrocarbons produce carbon dioxide, water and heat and therefore, it is used as a source of fuel.
An ether is defined as a chemical compound that consists of a functional group, ether, which consists of an oxygen atom which is connected to two alkyl groups. Ethers can be prepared on dehydration of alcohol.
Aldehydes and ketones are considered as polar compounds because they consist of a carbon oxygen double bond in which carbon is slightly positive and oxygen is slightly negative. And also, they have strong intermolecular dipole – dipole attraction.
In ketones and aldehydes, there is a double bond between carbon and oxygen which show more polarity than ethers having a single bond of carbon and oxygen, the boiling point of aldehydes and ketones are much more higher than that of ethers.
In hydrocarbons, the atoms are connected through weak Vander Waals forces of attraction. Therefore, it requires less amount of heat to break the bonds between the atoms and hence the boiling of a hydrocarbon is lesser as compared to the boiling point of aldehydes and ketones.

So, the correct answer is Option A.

Note: In the conclusion we have discussed that the boiling points of aldehydes and ketones are higher than the hydrocarbons and ether because aldehydes and ketones are polar compounds and hydrocarbons show weak van der waal forces whereas ether show less polarity than aldehydes and ketones.
There are three types of Vander Waals forces:Dispersion,Dipole – dipole,Hydrogen