Question

Benzoyl chloride is prepared from benzoic acid by:
A. $ C{l_2}\,and\,hv $
B. $ S{O_2}C{l_2} $
C. $ SOC{l_2} $
D. $ C{l_2}\,and\,{H_2}O $

Answer 1

Hint: In order to this question, we will explain how the production of benzoyl chloride occurs. And then we will also discuss how carboxylic acids convert to their corresponding acid chlorides with the help of the correct given option.

Complete step by step answer:
 $ SOC{l_2} $ converts carboxylic acids to their corresponding acid chlorides. The reaction is:
 $ PhCOOH + SOC{l_2} \to PhCOCl + S{O_2} + HCl $
Thionyl chloride, $ SOC{l_2} $ , reacts with carboxylic acids forming a highly reactive intermediate capable of losing excellent leaving groups $ HCl\,and{\text{ }}S{O_2}\; $ upon a nucleophilic addition of a chloride ion.
In other words, carboxylic acids react with Thionyl Chloride ( $ SOC{l_2} $ ) to form acid chlorides. During the reaction the hydroxyl group of the carboxylic acid is converted to a chlorosulfite intermediate making it a better leaving group. The chloride anion produced during the reaction acts as a nucleophile.
Acyl chlorides are also known as acid chlorides. By far the most commonly used example of the conversion of a carboxylic acid into an acyl chloride is ethanoic acid to ethanoyl chloride. Acyl chlorides are very reactive, and can be used to make a wide range of other things.

Note:
Benzoyl chloride is produced from benzotrichloride using either water or benzoic acid: As with other acyl chlorides, it can be generated from the parent acid and other chlorinating agents phosphorus pentachloride, thionyl chloride, or oxalyl chloride. It was first prepared by treatment of benzaldehyde with chlorine.