Question

Axis vertebrae are identified by
A. Olecranon process
B. Odontoblast
C. Odontoid process
D. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: In the older species such as mammals in the neck region with cervical vertebrae below the skull and truncal vertebras lying caudally on the cervical spine and the cervical spine is one of the cervical vertebrae next to the Atlas spine.

Complete answer:
It is called an epistrophe, and the second cervical vertebra. The axis forms an atlantoaxial joint with the 1st cervical vertebrae that holds the head and the powerful odontoid process that represents an essential feature of the axis is present, because of the involvement of the dens or odontoid process, and brings a third axis known as vertebra dents.
The odontoid method, or density, is the most pronounced or projective aspect of the axis, and this odontoid process is compressed by a restriction that forms the neck and begins from where the body starts. The lateral surfaces are used to connect a transverse atlantal ligament, which is pointed and attached to the apical odontoid ligament. The surface of the alar ligament underneath the apex process is rough and helps to connect the vertebrae with the occipital bone. The internal surface of the axis is compact relative to the outer surface. The pedicles are broad and solid, the lamina thick and strong and the foramen of the vertebrae are large.
The transverse process is small and has the transverse foramina. The upper joint surfaces are round and somewhat convex, while the lower joint surfaces are also the same. The upper vertebral notches are quite shallow, they are behind the specific processes, and the spinal process is quite broad and very solid (C).
Hence, option C- odontoid process is the correct answer.

Note: The fracture of the dens or odontoid process is defined as follows, including:
Type 1: The division line passes through its tip and the fracture is stable.
Type 2: The dividing line is stable along the neck of the odontoid process and is stable.
Type 3: The dividing line goes through the vertebral body.
The axis forms a special Atlantic relation called the atlantoaxial connection, of two kinds, the atlantoaxial joint medium, a synovial joint of the pivotal kind, and the atlantoaxial joint lateral joint, is a synovial joint of the synovial type plane.