Question

Arrange the intermolecular forces of attraction from strongest to weakest?

Answer 1

Hint: We need to know that the intermolecular forces are the forces that are present between molecules; they can be attractive, repulsive, strong or weak depending upon the nature of atoms or ions. As bonds become more polarized, the charges on the atoms become greater, which leads to greater intermolecular attractions, which leads to higher boiling points.

Complete answer:
The order for the arrangement of intermolecular forces of attraction can be:
Ionic bonds > Hydrogen bonding > Van der Waals dipole-dipole interactions > Van der Waals dispersion forces.
The strongest of all amongst intermolecular forces is ionic bond. An ionic bond is formed between two different ions carrying opposite charges. For example: sodium chloride has ionic bonds in them between sodium ions and chlorine ions. The next that comes after ionic bond is hydrogen bonding, a very common example of a molecule having hydrogen bond in water molecules that leads to bonding between hydrogen ion and hydroxyl ions. Next after hydrogen bonding is dipole-dipole interactions, a dipole is created between two atoms having different electronegativity. Interactions between oppositely charged dipoles are attractive. Dipole-dipole interactions can be seen in carbon dioxide molecules. The weakest intermolecular force of attraction is Dispersion forces. These represent the attraction between instantaneous dipoles in a molecule. For example: Methane molecules have weak forces of attraction i.e. van der waal dispersion forces.

Note:
We have to know that for hydrocarbons and other nonpolar molecules which lack strong dipoles, these dispersion forces are really the only attractive forces between molecules. The attractive forces between oppositely charged ions are described by Coulomb’s Law, in which the force increases with charge and decreases as the distance between these ions is increased.