Question

Arrange the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system of the cockroach in the correct sequence from the anterior to the posterior end.
A. Frontal ganglion, Hypo cerebral ganglion, Visceral ganglion, Proventricular ganglion
B. Proventricular ganglion, Frontal ganglion, Hypo cerebral ganglion, Visceral ganglion
C. Hypo cerebral ganglion, Visceral ganglion, Frontal ganglion, Proventricular ganglion
D. Visceral ganglion, Proventricular ganglion, Frontal ganglion, Hypo cerebral ganglion

Answer 1

Hint: The visceral nervous system, the autonomic or stomatogastric, or sympathetic system of cockroach have some ganglia and their connectives. This includes occipital, frontal, visceral or alluvial, and pre- ventricular ganglia. Ganglia nerves are connected with the supra-oesophageal ganglion.

Complete answer:
Frontal ganglion- This is a small ganglion that is situated on the esophagus which is in front of the supra-oesophageal ganglion. There is a pair of frontal connectives from the frontal ganglion which is in turn connected to the supra-oesophageal ganglion.
Visceral ganglion- the median nerves will run backward on top of the esophagus which joins the visceral ganglion on the crop.

Hence the answer is option A (Frontal ganglion, hypo cerebral ganglion, visceral ganglion, proventricular ganglion).

Additional information
The cockroach body is segmented and can be divided into three regions. Thorax, head, and abdomen. The whole body is covered by a chitinous exoskeleton. Antennae are arising from the sockets membrane which lies in front of the eyes and the frontal end bears appendages. Cockroach's nervous system can be divided into three parts- the central system, the sympathetic system, and the peripheral nervous system. Respiration in cockroaches happens through the trachea which is present on the side of the body. There are ten pairs of small holes called spiracles through which respiration occurs.

Note: The autonomous system of a cockroach includes four nerve ganglia that connect them all and supplies to visceral organs. Nerve ganglia in order from front to back end are:
The frontal ganglion is present on the pharynx which is in front of the brain. Hypo cerebral ganglion is present behind the brain and on the esophagus. A visceral ganglion is present on the crop wall. A proventricular ganglion is present on the gizzard.