Question

What are the two types of cortical hormones?

Answer 1

Hint: The adrenal glands are tiny glands located on the top of each kidney. Two adrenal glands in the human body emit hormone-like substances into the bloodstream. Hormones have a wide range of effects on the human body. One adrenal gland sits on top of each kidney in the human body. In an adult, each adrenal gland weighs 4–5 g. At 6 weeks of pregnancy, the adrenals are discovered for the first time.

Complete answer:
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are the two types of adrenocortical hormones. Mineralocorticoids regulate water and electrolyte balance, whereas glucocorticoids govern glucose metabolism.

The adrenal cortex produces and releases steroid molecules known as adrenocortical hormones. Corticosteroids and androgens are two types of steroids produced by the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are classified as either glucocorticoids (carbohydrate regulators) or mineralocorticoids (electrolyte regulators) based on their preferred functions. Cortisol (hydrocortisone) is the most common glucocorticoid in humans, while aldosterone is the most common mineralocorticoid.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and angiotensin control the secretion of adrenocortical steroids and aldosterone, respectively.
Corticosteroids affect glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism, as well as fluid and electrolyte balance and the maintenance of normal cardiovascular, immunological, renal, endocrine, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems function.
Both corticosteroids and androgens are produced in large quantities in the adrenal cortex. Patients with adrenal insufficiency, on the other hand, can be recovered to a normal life expectancy with corticosteroid replacement therapy alone. Glucocorticoids are explored in depth in this chapter, followed by a quick introduction of mineralocorticoids and androgens.
Mineralocorticosteroids: The second category of adrenocortical hormones is called mineralocorticosteroids after its function and is produced in the zona glomerulosa. Aldosterone is the sole physiologically relevant hormone, as it regulates salt reabsorption in the kidney's distal tubule and hence plays a role in water and electrolyte metabolism.

Note:-
A variety of enzymes catalyse a sequence of oxidation-reduction reactions in the manufacture of adrenocortical steroid hormones. A molecule of cholesterol is used to start the process. The numerous groups of steroids are produced using shared intermediates and pathways branching off of those shared intermediates. In their respective regions of the adrenal cortex, steroid hormones are made from cholesterol.