Question

What are the major components of soil?

Answer 1

Hint: Soils are complex mixtures of minerals, water, air, organic matter, and countless organisms that are the decomposed remnants of once-living organisms. It is the "layer of the earth," forming at the land's surface. Soil is essential for life on Earth because it can sustain plant life.

Complete Answer:
Inorganic mineral matter makes up about 40 to 45 percent of the soil volume, organic matter makes up about $5\%$ of the soil volume, water makes up about $5\%$ of the soil volume, air makes up about $425\%$ of the soil volume, and water makes up about $25\%$ of the soil volume.
The sum of each of the four main soil components is determined by the amount of vegetation, soil compaction, and water present. A fine, safe soil has enough air, water, minerals, and organic matter to support and encourage plant growth.
The organic material in soil, known as humus, is made up of both dead and living microorganisms, as well as dead animals and plants in various stages of decay. Humus enhances soil structure by supplying water and minerals to plants. Soil's inorganic content is made up of rock that has been gradually broken down into smaller pieces of varying sizes. Sand is made up of soil particles with a diameter of 0.1 to 2 mm.
Silt is made up of soil particles with a diameter of 0.002 to 0.1 mm, and clay is made up of particles with a diameter of less than 0.002 mm. Loams are soils that have no prevailing particle size and are made up of a mixture of sand, silt, and humus.

Note:
The number of bacteria in a gramme of soil can vary from 100,000 to several billion.
$10\%$ of the world's carbon dioxide emissions are stored in soil.
By neutralising or filtering out potential contaminants and storing up to 3750 tonnes of water per hectare, a properly functional soil decreases the risk of flooding and protects underground water sources.
The most active soil layer is topsoil.