Question

What are the main features of well irrigation of India?

Answer 1

Hint:Artificial water application to land or farm fields is irrigation. It is to substitute or add another source of water for rainwater. It is used in dry areas and inadequate precipitation times.
The key concept behind irrigation systems is to promote crop and plant growth by holding the minimum quantity of water needed, reducing grain crop weeds, preventing soil consolidation.

Complete answer:
Well irrigation -
A well is a hole excavated in the ground to get water from the subsoil. An ordinary well is approximately 3-5 m deep but deeper wells are also excavated up to 15 m.
This irrigation system has always been used in India. Different methods for irrigating, drinking, bathing and other uses are used to raise the ground water from the well. The Persian wheel, holder, charas, or mot, are some of the most frequently used methods (lever).
Wells distribution -
Well irrigation is common in areas with enough sweet groundwater. The area covers most of the northern Great Plain, Mahanadi Deltaic areas, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery, parts of the Narmada and Tapi Valleys and the weathered layers of the Deccan trap and crystal-clear rocks as well as the peninsula's sedimentar zones.
Most of Peninsular India however, due to rocky design, rough surface and lack of underground water is not suitable for water irrigation. Wide dry areas of Rajasthan, adjacent areas of Punjab, Haryana and Gujarat and parts of Uttar Pradesh have unfit for irradiation and human consumption and, consequently, unfit for irrigation of the well.
Wells are located primarily in U.P., Bihar, Tamil Nadu and so on. There are different types of wells – low wells, deep wells, tube wells, artesian fountains, etc. There is no water available from the shallow wells as the water level falls during the dry months. Deep wells are ideally suited to irrigation since water is available from them throughout the year.

Merits:-
Well, is the easiest, most affordable and independent irrigation source and is available as and when needed. Many of the chemical compounds in the well water, such as nitrate, chloride, sulphate etc., add soil fertility. In times of drought, as surface water shrinks more reliably.
Demerits:-
Small irrigation area only. Demerits: Drought causes the level of groundwater to drop and there is insufficient water. From its surrounding areas, Tubewells can draw a great number of groundwater and make the land dry for farming.

Note:A well is typically dug in plains like the North, Godavari, Krishne and Cauvery districts, parts of Narmada and the Tapti valleys where sweet underground water exists.
Usually used for irrigation, drinking, bathing and other uses to raise the groundwater from the well.
An ordinary well is approximately 3-5 m deep but deeper wells are also excavated up to 15 m. This irrigation system has always been used in India. Different methods for irrigating, drinking, bathing and other uses are used to raise the ground water from the well.