Question

Where are the hormones of the posterior pituitary synthesized?

Answer 1

Hint: Pituitary gland is a very small gland situated in the brain and it has two lobes, anterior and posterior, and these release the number of hormones and this gland also controls all other glands in the body, hence it is called as the Master gland.

Complete answer:
Posterior pituitary gland mainly synthesis the two hormones, namely Oxytocin and vasopressin.
> Oxytocin: It is a peptide hormone, it is mainly neuropeptide.
- Oxytocin is formed from the peptide precursors which are having an OXT gene by enzymatic cleavage.
- This hormone was discovered by Henry Dale.
- This was produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland.
- This hormone is called a love hormone or cuddling hormone.
- It plays a very important role in social bonding.
- The main functions of oxytocin are related to sex, childbirth.
- During labor when there is stretching of the cervix, there is a contraction of the uterus and facilitates childbirth.
- It is produced by the stimulation of nipples during breastfeeding, which increases the bond between child and mother.
- Oxytocin is used as medication regarding childbirth.

> Vasopressin: It is also called an antidiuretic hormone, and also called arginine vasopressin.
- It is also a peptide hormone made by the peptide of neurons.
- There are two major functions for the vasopressin which include.
- In the kidney, they reabsorbed the solute free water back to the circulation which is absorbed during glomerular filtration.
- The second function is, it constricts the arterioles, so the peripheral vascular resistance increases and it increases the blood pressure in arterioles.
- They also have some functions, sometimes this hormone, may directly release into the brain and cause social behavior, sexual motivation, etc.

Note: vasopressin has the ability to induce the stem cells, to differentiate into the cardiomyocytes, and to maintain the heart homeostasis, the life of vasopressin is short it is hardly present 16 to 20 minutes.