Question

What are the functions of peripheral proteins?

Answer 1

Hint: A protein that uses a combination of hydrophobic, electrostatic, and other non-covalent interactions to cling to the biological membrane, either to the lipid bilayer or to integral proteins. Peripheral membrane proteins are found on the lipid bilayer of biological membranes' peripheral areas.

Complete answer:
Because cell membranes are impervious to most molecules, they are unable to pass them alone. The plasma membrane's job is to provide a barrier between the cell and the outside world. The trouble is that the cell membrane is a little too enthusiastic about its work. Nothing would get in or out of the cell if it were up to the cell membrane. If the cell is to survive, this is counterproductive because the cell membrane prevents important molecules from crossing. Consider the plasma membrane as a bumbling dictator who refuses to listen to reason. As a result, the cell membrane is densely packed with proteins that aid in the control of the plasma membrane and other cell membranes.

Membrane proteins are divided into two categories: integral and peripheral. Consider proteins to be diplomats who can negotiate with cell membranes and provide pathways for chemicals to enter the cell. A protein can bind to the plasma membrane in two ways.

Proteins on the periphery do not cross the membrane. They seem to linger on both sides of cell membranes. Through hydrogen bonding, they are weakly connected to other proteins or the membrane itself. Because they sit on the outside of the membrane and do not integrate into it, they are dubbed 'peripheral proteins'.

Membrane Proteins with Multiple Functions:-
Even though peripheral membranes do not penetrate the cell membrane and do not produce entryways, they are extremely important to the cell's function. Consider them the wingmen of membrane proteins, as they play crucial roles in the cell. They accomplish this by collaborating with other proteins. Peripheral membrane proteins have a variety of functions, including:
Transportation: Many compounds can be carried around the cell thanks to peripheral membranes. Some membrane proteins in the periphery transport molecules between other proteins. The purpose of cytochrome c is to transport electrons from one protein to the next. Cytochrome c's job is to transport electrons from one protein to the next. If cytochrome c was absent, energy-generating proteins would be unable to access the electrons required to generate energy in the cell's mitochondria.

You wouldn't be able to live if this protein wasn't present on the mitochondrial membranes of your cells. In the mitochondria, cytochrome c aids in the transfer of electrons that generate energy. Without cytochrome c acting as a wingman to carry electrons to the other proteins that make energy, they wouldn't be able to complete their functions.

When a cell becomes injured and cannot be repaired, cytochrome c is released from the mitochondrial membranes. When cytochrome c is released, it triggers a chain of events that results in cell death. If this does not occur, cells with damaged DNA are permitted to reproduce, resulting in cancer.

When a cell becomes old or its DNA becomes damaged, cytochrome c is released from the membrane, signalling the cell to die. A skilled wingman understands when to give up on their partner. This does not happen in all cancer cells, and cells with damaged DNA are permitted to grow uncontrollably and form tumours.

Note:-
Membrane proteins in the phospholipid bilayer are divided into two categories: integral and peripheral proteins. Integral proteins enter the lipid bilayer's hydrophobic core, whereas peripheral proteins adhere to the lipid bilayer's intracellular or extracellular surface.The plasma membrane's framework is provided by peripheral, which is connected to integral protein.