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What are the different ways of expressing the concentration of the solution?

Answer
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Hint: Start this question by defining concentration and then its units. After this, write different methods for calculation of concentration of a solution and interconnect them.


Complete answer:

The Concentration of a Solution is defined as the relative amount of solute present in a solution.

Methods of Expressing Concentration of Solutions are as given below –


1. Percentage by weight

Symbol: (W / W %)

Definition: “It is the amount of solute present in 100 g of solution”.

Formula:  weight percent (WW) = weight of soluteweight of solutionx100  

Unit: unitless


2. Percentage by volume

Symbol: (V / V %)

Definition: “It is defined as the volume of solute present in 100 mL of solution”.

Formula:  volume percent (VV) = volume of solutevolume of solutionx100  

Unit: unitless


3. Weight by volume

Symbol: (W / V %)

Definition: “It is defined as the amount of solute present in 100 mL of solution”.

Formula:  weight/volume percent (WV) = weight of solute (g)volume of solution (L)x100  

Unit: g/L


4. Mole fraction

Symbol:  χ 

Definition: “It is the ratio of the number of moles of solute and the total number of moles of solute and solvent”.

Formula:  χsolute=moles of solutetotal moles of all components 

Unit: unitless


5. Parts per million

Symbol: ppm

Definition: “It is defined as the parts of a component per million parts ( 106 ) of the solution. It is widely used when a solute is present in trace quantities”.

Formula:  PPM=mass of solutemass of solutionx106 

Unit: ppm


6. Molarity

Symbol: M

Definition: “Molarity of any solution is the number of moles of solute per litre of solution”.

Formula:  Molarity=moles of solute (mol)volume of solution (L) 

Unit: mol/L


7. Molality

Symbol: m

Definition: “Molality of any solution is represented as the number of moles of solute present per kg of solvent”.

Formula:  Molality=moles of solute (mol)weight of solvent (kg) 

Unit: mol/kg


8. Normality

Symbol: N

Definition: “It is defined as the gram equivalent weight per litre of solution”.

Formula:  Normality = mass of solute (g)equivalent mass x volume of solution (L) 

Unit: gram equivalent/ L.


Note: Concentration is basically a measure to find the amount of solute present in a solvent which together forms a solution.