Question

What are sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems the part of?
A. Brain
B. Spinal cord
C. Central nervous system
D. Autonomous nervous system

Answer 1

Hint: The control and coordination functions of the nervous system are the parts of the body of an animal that coordinates its actions and transmits signals between distinct areas of the body. The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system are two major components of vertebrates (PNS). The brain and spinal cord are located within the CNS.

Complete answer:
- The autonomic nervous system, including the blood vessels, stomach, bowel, liver, kidneys, bladder, pulse, and sweat, salivary and digestive glands, is the portion of the nervous system that binds the internal organs. There are two primary classes of the autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
- As soon as information about the body and the surrounding environment is obtained by the autonomic nervous system, it responds by activating body functions. Typically, it occurs by the sympathetic division or by the parasympathetic division to inhibit them.
- Two kinds of nerve cells include an autonomic nerve pathway. In the brainstem or spinal cord, one nerve cell is present. It is connected to another neuron, which is present in the nerve cell cluster, by nerve fibers. Then the nerve fibers from these ganglia bind to the internal organs.
- In all sides of the spinal cord, most of the ganglia for the sympathetic section are located just behind of it. Near or in the organs they interact with, the ganglia for the parasympathetic division are found.

Hence the correct answer is option (D).i.e, Autonomous nervous system.

Note: Many organs are mainly dominated by either the division of sympathy or parasympathetic. These two divisions often have opposite effects on the same organ. For eg, blood pressure is raised by the sympathetic division, and it is decreased by the parasympathetic division. Thus, the two branches work closely to ensure that the body reacts to various conditions accordingly.