Question

What are phanerogams? How are they classified?

Answer 1

Hint: Plantae is the kingdom that encompasses all living things. They are multicellular, eukaryotic, and autotrophic creatures. The cell wall of a plant cell is stiff. Chloroplasts are the organelles in plants that carry the pigment chlorophyll, which is required for photosynthesis.
Plant kingdoms are divided further into subcategories.
According to the above-mentioned criteria, the plant kingdom has been divided into five subgroups.

Complete explanation:
Part A: Phanerogams are plants with unique structures for reproduction and seed generation. After the reproductive process in these plants, seeds are created that contain the embryo and stored food that is used for the embryo's first growth during germination of the seed. Gymnosperms and angiosperms are the two types of phanerogams, depending on whether the seeds are enclosed in a fruit or not.
Phanerogams are vascular plants with separate leaf, stem, and root systems. Gymnosperms and angiosperms are the two sub-states of Phanerogams. Maize, banana, mustard, pea, grass, sunflower, coconut, and other examples.
Part B: The presence or absence of fruits determines the classification of phanerogams. There are two kinds of phanerogams:
1. Gymnosperms have naked seeds, which are seeds that are not encased in fruits.
2. Angiosperms have seeds that are contained within the fruit.
Angiosperms are categorized into two categories:
a. Wheat, rice, and other monocotyledons have only one cotyledon in their seeds.
b. Gram, pea, and other dicotyledons have two cotyledons in their seeds.

Note:
The following are characteristics of the plant kingdom:
1. They aren't able to move.
2. Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own sustenance.
3. They reproduce sexually or asexually by vegetative propagation.
4. Eukaryotes are multicellular organisms. The exterior cell wall and a big central vacuole make up the plant cell.
5. Chlorophyll is a photosynthetic pigment found in the plastids of plants.
6. For anchoring, reproduction, support, and photosynthesis, they contain various organelles.