Question

What are oxides, peroxides and superoxides? Explain with examples.

Answer 1

Hint: In chemistry, periodic tables play a vital role. In the periodic table there are totally \[118\] elements. In the periodic table there are totally \[18\] columns and \[7\] rows. The columns are called groups. Hence, \[18\] groups in the periodic table. The rows are called periods. Hence, totally \[7\] period in the table. Oxygen is one of the elements in the periodic table. The symbol of oxygen is \[{\text{O}}\].Oxygen is one of the sixteen groups in the periodic table. The atomic number of Oxygen is \[8\]. The mass number of Oxygen is \[16\]. The valency of Oxygen is \[2\]. The stable oxidation state of Oxygen is \[ - 2\]. The atomic number of the element is nothing but the number of electrons or number of protons. The mass number of the atom is nothing but the sum of the number of protons and number of neutrons. The formula of a chemical compound having one oxygen atom and another atom is called oxide. Oxygen is dianion because the oxidation state of Oxygen is \[ - 2\]. The chemical formula of hydrogen peroxide is \[{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\]. The hydrogen peroxide is a light sensitive reagent. It is in colourless liquid form. It is moisture sensitive also. If we open for some time oxygen will escape and form water.

Complete answer:
We need to know that the oxides are nothing but the binary compounds of elements of the oxygen atom. The stable oxidation state of Oxygen is \[ - 2\].
For example of oxide is given below,
Sodium oxide\[N{a_2}O\] and magnesium oxide \[MgO\].
Peroxides are nothing but the compounds having an oxygen-oxygen atom bond. The stable oxidation state of Oxygen is \[ - 1\].
For example of peroxide is given below,
Sodium peroxide \[N{a_2}{O_2}\] and hydrogen peroxide \[{H_2}{O_2}\].
Superoxides are nothing but the compounds having superoxides bonds that mean superoxides ions. The stable oxidation state of Oxygen is \[ - \dfrac{1}{2}\].
For example of peroxide is given below,
Potassium superoxide \[K{O_2}\].
Hydrogen peroxide is used to restore the colour of old oil paintings containing feed oxide.

Note:
As we know that the hydrogen peroxide is used as one of the oxidising agents. It is a strong oxidising agent reaction-wise. Hydrogen peroxide is also a reducing agent. Usually hydrogen peroxide acts as an oxidising agent in acidic medium and acts as reducing agent in basic medium. The reactivity of hydrogen peroxide is dependent on the pH of the reaction. If the pH of the reaction is less than seven means that is an acidic medium. If the pH value is greater than seven means that is the basic medium. The oxidation means the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen or the loss of electrons in the reactant. The reduction means the removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen or the gain of electrons in the reaction. It is a highly unstable reagent.