Question

What are neurotransmitters?
A. Transmits signals across the synapse
B. Transmits a signal in the cell body
C. Take the signal to the axon
D. None of the above.

Answer 1

Hint: Neurotransmitters are the chemicals that help the impulse conduction from one neuron to the other. There are several neurotransmitters in our body. Their deficiency causes serious neural abnormalities.

Complete answer: Neurons are the basic structural and functional unit of the neural system. They are highly specialized cells and perform basic functions of coordination and control. The junction between two neurons is called a synapse. This is called a junction between a neuron and a muscle by the same name. Synapse is formed by the members of the presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron. They are separated by a gap called the synaptic cleft. In some cases synapse is not seen. We can see two types of synapses in humans. They are electrical and chemical synapses. Impulse transmission from one neuron to another takes place when the neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic neuron to the synaptic cleft. In electrical synapses in both membranes are so close that neurotransmitter is not needed for impulse transmission. It is only seen in chemical synapses. In the presynaptic neuron. The axon terminals contain several vesicles that are filled with neurotransmitters. When the impulse reaches the presynaptic neuron, neurotransmitters are secreted to the synaptic cleft. They bind to the receptors present in postsynaptic membranes, and the impulse is transmitted to the postsynaptic neuron. Acetylcholine and dopamine are the two important neurotransmitters present in the human body. Certain other chemicals can also act as neurotransmitters.
Hence, the correct option is A.

Note: Norepinephrine which is a member of catecholamines acts as neurotransmitters in our body. They are also called noradrenaline. It is actually a stress hormone released by the adrenal gland. They are secreted in stress conditions and help the body to manage it.