Question

What are alkyl, aryl, aliphatic and aromatic groups?

Answer 1

Hint: We have to know that in organic chemistry, there are so many functional groups and it is a particular group of bonds or atoms which is present in the compound. And these functional groups will show characteristic chemical reactions in a compound. All the same functional groups will undergo similar chemical reactions. And these functional groups are denoted as ‘R’ and this will be found along the carbon backbone of the molecules.

Complete answer:
Alkyl groups: The alkyl group is a functional group which contains only one carbon atom and hydrogen atoms. Which means, the alkyl group is a monovalent organic group. And these are arranged in a chain. Therefore, we can easily identify alkyl groups. Because, it will not appear alone and it will attach or branch to a parent chain. The general formula of alkyl is $$C_n{H}_{2n+1}$$. And the examples are, methyl which is derived from methane $$\left(C{H}_4\to C{H}_3\right)$$and butyl from butane $$\left(C_2{H}_6\to C_2{H}_5\right)$$.
Aryl groups: In organic chemistry, the aryl is a functional group which is derived from an aromatic ring, generally aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthyl and phenyl. The phenyl group is derived from a benzene ring having the chemical formula, $$C_6{H}_5$$. Here, one hydrogen atom is removed from the benzene ring.
Aromatic: The aromatic compound is a class of unsaturated compounds which contain one or more rings with delocalized pi electrons with alternative single bonds and double bonds. And these compounds will exhibit aromaticity. Here, one or more planar rings of atoms are linked by covalent bonds. These aromatic compounds will show some special properties like unusual stability. Eg: benzene ring, naphthol, etc.
Aliphatic: The aliphatic group does not contain any aromatic ring and it has a chain-like structure. The aliphatic compounds may be alkane, alkene or alkyne. For example, ethane, butene, pentane etc.

Note:
We need to know that the functional groups are divided into many types like alkyl groups, aryl groups, aliphatic and aromatic groups. The alkyl groups are formed by the removal of one hydrogen atom from an alkane chain. Then it will be converted to –ane to –yl. And the aryl group is formed by the removal of hydrogen from the aromatic ring. The aromatic group is derived from benzene.