Question

Arches, Stacks and caves are formed by erosional features of___________.
a.Wind
b.Waves
c.Water
d.Glaciers

Answer 1

Hint: Erosion is the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water. If the wind is dusty, or water or glacial ice is muddy, erosion is taking place.

Complete answer: Weathering and erosion can create caves, arches, stacks and stumps along a headland. Caves occur when waves force their way into cracks in the cliff face. The stack will be attacked at the base in the same way that a wave-cut notch is formed. This weakens the structure and it will eventually collapse to form a stump.
Caves occur when waves force their way into cracks in the cliff face. The water contains sand and other materials that grind away at the rock until the cracks become a cave. Hydraulic action is the predominant process. If the cave is formed in a headland, it may eventually break through to the other side forming an arch. The arch will gradually become bigger until it can no longer support the top of the arch. When the arch collapses, it leaves the headland on one side and a stack (a tall column of rock) on the other. The stack will be attacked at the base in the same way that a wave-cut notch is formed. This weakens the structure and it will eventually collapse to form a stump.

Note: - The oldest caves in India are the Barabar caves in Bihar.
-The oldest arches in Indian architecture are the "chaitya arches" found in ancient rock-cut architecture.