Question

Anaerobic process after glycolysis is known as
(a) TCA cycle
(b) Krebs cycle
(c) Calvin cycle
(d) None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Aerobic processes are processes that need the presence of oxygen like in aerobic respiration for producing energy whereas in, the anaerobic process happens without oxygen like in muscle fatigue where glucose breaks down to produce energy without oxygen.

Complete answer:
The anaerobic process after glycolysis is fermentation and can be defined as a metabolic process that converts gases and alcohol, and sugar into acids. It usually occurs in yeast and bacteria but can also occur in the case of lactic acid fermentation where the muscle cells are oxygen starving.
Stages of Calvin Cycle:
Carboxylation: It is the fixation of carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide is utilized for the carboxylation of RuBP. This reaction results in the formation of 2-molecules of 3-Phosphoglyceric acid and is catalyzed by the enzyme Rubisco.
Reduction: This reaction leads to the formation of glucose. The steps in this are the utilization of two molecules of ATP for phosphorylation and 2 NADPH for reduction.
Regeneration: For the cycle to continue uninterrupted, regeneration of the carbon dioxide acceptor molecule is crucial. This step requires 1 ATP for phosphorylation to form RuBP. To make one molecule of glucose, six turns of cycle are required. 18 ATP and 12 NADPH are used to make a molecule of glucose.
TCA stands for the chemical compound that is the first product of this reaction. It is used to generate the energy currency of the cells. TCA cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle (CAC) or the Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions used which occurs within all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA which is derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
So the correct option is 'None of the above'.

Note: The Calvin cycle is also known as a dark reaction and takes place even in the presence of light and even in the absence of light. Thus, the Dark reaction is a misnomer. Inside the Bundle sheath cells, Malate is converted to Pyruvate with the release of one carbon dioxide molecule which ultimately enters the C3 cycle. Thus, the C3 cycle is the central pathway for photosynthesis.