Question

An element which is an essential constituent of all organic compounds belongs to:
A. Group 1
B. group 14
C. group 16
D. group 18

Answer 1

Hint: To answer this question the periodic properties of the elements from different groups should be known. Periodic table is a great source of information about the elements and their relation to each other. Changes of different periodic properties. The elements in periodic tables are arranged in a way that every element of each group shows similar physical characteristics and chemical characteristics.

Complete step by step answer:
-The self-linking of atoms of an element to form chains and rings is responsible for the formation of a large number of compounds. This property is present only in certain elements such as carbon, sulfur, silicon, and boron.
-Carbon is best known for its catenation properties, due to the analysis of catenated carbon structures in organic chemistry. All the elements of the carbon family can show this property but carbon shows most, so the tendency decreases down the group.
-Catenation can be defined as the bonding of atoms of the same element into a series which is called a chain. Carbon can easily perform catenation that forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms to form longer chains and higher mass structures. This is the reason for the presence of the vast number of organic compounds made of carbon in nature.
-This happens because the atomic size of an element increases down the group resulting in the decrease of strength of the covalent bond and small atomic size hence less diffuse orbital. Therefore, the catenation property decreases down the group.
Carbon is the element of group 14. Which is the most essential element of an organic molecule.

So, the correct option is, B.

Note:
Carbon can form four single covalent bonds due to its tetravalency. It can also form a double bond and two single bonds and also a triple bond with its atom. This versatile nature of carbon results in a large number of carbon compounds.