Question

Ampicillin is used to treat food poisoning caused by
A. Salmonella
B. Shigella
C. Clostridium
D. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Consumption of food contaminated by certain harmful microorganisms causes food poisoning. The most common symptoms that people experience are nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain. Some people may also experience a fever as well. The most common way to treat food poisoning is to have lots of water and electrolytes, basically rehydrating the body.

Complete answer:
Ampicillin, a penicillin derivative is used to treat bacterial infections. The antibiotic has a beta-lactam ring present in its structure. These antibiotics act on the pathogen by preventing its cell wall synthesis. Bacteria require an enzyme called transpeptidase that is required for cell wall synthesis. Ampicillin blocks this enzyme.
Salmonella causes food poisoning called salmonellosis. It could be caused by consuming uncooked eggs or poultry, milk that is not pasteurized, etc. Usually, salmonellosis does not require any antibiotics fluids, and electrolytes are taken to rehydrate the body.
Shigella causes shigellosis, again a type of food poisoning. The symptoms are quite similar to that of salmonellosis. It is characterized by watery stool, fever, intestinal cramps etc. To treat food poisoning, lots of fluid is taken to prevent further dehydration. In extreme cases, the doctors prescribe antibiotics such as Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone and Bactrim.
Clostridium also causes food poisoning. Its spores may be found in certain dried or canned food, poultry, etc. Like other cases of food poisoning, antibiotics are not recommended.

The correct option is (B), Ampicillin is used to treat food poisoning caused by Shigella.

Note: Food contamination can be prevented if the cooking area is kept clean, food is prepared hygienically, and stored in a clean place. Non-vegetarian food items should be stored separately and cooked properly. Street food should be avoided. Expired food products, especially canned food should be discarded. Food items (fruits, vegetables, etc.) should be washed before use. Food items with spoilt packaging should be discarded. These are a few basic things to follow to prevent food poisoning.