Question

What is also called the emergency hormone?
A. Rennin
B. Thyroxine
C. Insulin
D. Adrenaline

Answer 1

Hint: An 'emergency' is a condition of stress in the human body, stress like anxiety, fear, apprehension, etc.

Complete answer:
Hormones are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body. After being made in one part of the body, they travel to other parts of the body where they help to control how cells and organs will do their work. Adrenaline is known as the ‘emergency hormone’. It is secreted by the Adrenal gland.

Additional Information

1. The adrenal glands are like caps above the kidney. Each adrenal gland prepares consists of two parts –
a. A central medulla
b. A peripheral cortex
2. The adrenal medulla secretes Adrenaline which is also called epinephrine.
3. Adrenaline is a hormone, which the body needs to meet any emergency situation, for ‘fight' i.e. to face danger or for ‘flight’ i.e. to run away from it or ‘fright’ i.e. to remove fear.
4. Functions of Adrenaline or ‘ emergency hormone’ are as following:
It helps to dilate the pupil.
It helps in the erection of body hair and the constriction of blood vessels of the skin.
It increases sweating and heart rate.
It helps in the increased breakdown of glycogen to produce glucose.
It reduces the time required for blood to clot.
5. Adrenaline provides extra energy and strength to our body in emergency situations like anxiety, anger, fear, etc.
6. Within a couple of minutes during a stressful situation, adrenaline is quickly released into the blood, sending impulses to organs to create a specific response.

Thyroxine: is secreted by the thyroid gland. It plays a vital role in regulating the body’s metabolic rate, heart, and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development, etc. but is not released in emergency situations.
Rennin: It is also known as chymosin, is a proteolytic enzyme that is synthesized by the chief cells in the stomach of some animals. Its role in digestion is to curdle or coagulate milk in the stomach.
Insulin: It is produced by β cells or the islet of Langerhans within the pancreas. Its chief function is to regulate blood glucose levels that is to restore the increase in blood glucose level.

Note:
1. Excessive adrenaline release is also harmful to us. It shows symptoms like profuse sweating, dilated pupils, high heart rate and breathing, shaky hands, and feet, feeling jittery or nervous, etc.
2. Some tumours of the adrenal gland may also result in a prolonged increase in adrenaline release.