Question

What is alpha thalassemia and beta-thalassemia

Answer 1

Hint: One should know that thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterised by less oxygen-carrying protein and few red blood cells in the body that the normal person will have. Red blood cells have haemoglobin which helps in carrying oxygen.

Complete answer:
Thalassemia is a chronic disorder in which the red blood cells count is less than the normal person. Four alpha globin and two beta globin protein chains make up the haemoglobin. The two main types of thalassemia are as follows:

Alpha thalassemia- They do not produce enough alpha proteins. Alpha proteins are made up of four genes, two on each chromosome 16 which we get from the parents. When 2 or more 2 genes are missing from it results in alpha thalassemia.
One fault gene- these patients do not have any symptoms. These are usually carried up by the child who is thalassemic.
Two fault genes- these patients have mild symptoms.
Three fault genes- these patients have haemoglobin disease. They need a regular transfer of blood.
Four fault genes- this is a chronic disease known to cause hydro fetalis, a condition in which fluid gets accumulated in the body of the foetus.

Beta thalassemia- In this, we need two globin Protein to make up a beta-globin chain. If one or two genes are faulty it can cause this disease.
One fault gene- this disease has a minor effect on the body.
Two fault genes- in this there are many minor or moderate symptoms.

People with thalassemia are advised to follow proper routine:
- Regular meet with the doctor
- Exercises daily
- Proper diet
- Positive attitude

Note: By Pedigree analysis one can indeed determine whether the gene is recessive or dominant. Thalassemia has not been treated till now. Mild infection does not need any kind of treatment as it can recur itself but severe symptoms need more attention and care.