Question

What all factors could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe?
A) A modern army
B) Efficient Bureaucracy
C) Abolition of feudalism and serfdom
D) All of these

Answer 1

Hint: Amid the nineteenth century, nationalism rose as a force which brought around steering changes within the political and mental world of Europe.

Complete answer:
The conclusion of these socio-economic and political changes was the emergence of the nation-state out of the multinational dynastic empires of Europe. The concept and hones of a modern state, in which a centralised control worked out sovereign control over a clearly defined region, had been developing over a long period of time in Europe. Autocracy could be a framework of government in which preeminent political power to coordinate all the activities of the state is concentrated within the hands of one individual. The conviction that abolition of feudalism and serfdom, replacing it with a modern armed force, an effective bureaucracy and a solid economy may reinforce the autocratic monarchies of Europe.But a nation-state was one in which the larger part of its citizens, and not only its rulers, came to create a sense of common identity and shared history or descent. This commonness did not exist from time immemorial; it was fashioned through battles, through the activities of pioneers and the common individuals.
Hence, option D i.e. all of the above is the correct answer.

Note: Thoughts of national unity were closely related to the belief system of liberalism in early-nineteenth-century Europe. The word 'liberalism' originates from the Latin root liber, meaning liberty. Liberalism stood for opportunity for the individual and the correspondence of all before the law for the new middle classes.