Question

What is aldehyde? Write the IUPAC names and formulas of the first three numbers of this series.

Answer 1

Hint: It is the common functional group in organic chemistry that can be found in natural and synthetic hormones as well as in perfumes. It is one of the most important functional groups that are also used as a formyl group.

Complete answer:
Aldehydes are the organic compounds which incorporate a carbonyl functional group $C=O$. The carbon atoms have two remaining bonds that are occupied by the hydrogen, aryl or alkyl substituents. The compound is called an aldehyde when at least one of these substituents is hydrogen.
The general or common formula of the aldehyde series is $C_n{H}_{2n}O$ where (n) is the number of carbon atoms. Aldehydes derived from their parent alkane chains. The ‘-e’ is removed from an end and it is replaced by the ‘-al’ in the condensed structural formulas. Carbonyl group represented as $-CHO$.
Aldehydes undergo a variety of chemical reactions including polymerisation and the molecules produced are called as aldehyde condensation polymers that are used in plastics like Bakelite and Formica.
The IUPAC names and formula of first three numbers of this aldehyde series are:

S.No.	Common name of aldehyde	IUPAC name of aldehyde	Formula of aldehyde
1.	Formaldehyde	Methanal	$HCHO$
2.	Acetaldehyde	Ethanal	$C{H}_{3}CHO$
3.	Propanaldehyde	Propanal	$C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}CHO$

Note: Aldehydes derived from the dehydration of the alcohols. Aldehydes used as solvents and in perfume ingredients. They are also used as intermediates in the production of the pharmaceuticals and dyes. Some aldehydes involved in the physiological processes. Glucose and the other reducing sugars are the aldehydes that are found in natural and synthetic hormones.