Question

After ovulation, the follicles convert into
A. Corpus luteum
B. Corpus albicans
C. Corpus cavernosum
D. Corpus callosum

Answer 1

Hint: Ovulation may be a physiologic process defined by the rupture and release of the dominant follicle from the ovary into the Fallopian tube where it's the potential to become fertilized. The ovulation process is regulated by fluxing gonadotropin (FSH/LH) levels.

Complete answer:
Ovulation is regulated by the fluctuation between the subsequent hormones. Controlled-changes between the subsequent hormones are imperative for the event and release of an oocyte into the adnexal uterine structures.

The histological appearance of the organs that compose the feminine genital system undergo cyclical, structural changes that aren't pathological. These organs include the ovary and uterus, and therefore the histological changes in these organs are driven largely by four hormones: FSH (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogens and progesterone.

Ovary: Human ovary consists of an inner medulla and outer cortex with indistinct boundaries. The medulla contains the blood vessels and nerves, while the cortex is occupied by developing follicles. The major functional changes within the cells compose follicles.

Primordial Follicle: An ovarian follicle progresses through several phases before it releases its ovum. During the primary five months of development, a finite number of primordial follicles form within the fetal ovary. These follicles contain oocytes surrounded by one layer of squamous follicular cells. These primordial follicles remain within the process of the primary meiotic division. At puberty, they start to develop further and become primary follicles.

Early Primary Follicle: At the beginning of every cycle a limited number of primordial follicles are triggered to develop. The primary apparent histological stage is the early primary follicle that consists of a central oocyte surrounded by one layer of follicular cells which become cuboidal. The zone may be a thin band of glycoproteins that separates the oocyte and follicular cells. Proteins on the surface of sperm will bind to specific glycoproteins within the zone.
Late Primary Follicle: The late primary follicle stage is reached when the follicular cells proliferate into a stratified epithelium referred to as the zona granulosa.

Secondary Follicle: The characteristic feature that distinguishes secondary from primary follicles is the appearance of a follicular antrum within the granulosa layer. The antrum contains fluid which is rich in hyaluronan and proteoglycans. At this stage, a layer of cells outside the follicle becomes evident.
Graafian Follicle: The Graafian follicle is that the stage after the primary meiotic division has completed but before ovulation. The oocyte is now a 2N haploid. The follicle is characterized by an outsized follicular antrum that creates up most of the follicle. The secondary oocyte, having undergone the primary meiotic division. It's surrounded by the zone and a layer of several cells referred to as the corona radiata. When released from the Graafian follicle and into the oviduct, the ovum will contain three structures: oocyte, zone and corona radiata.

Corpus Luteum: After release of the ovum, the remaining cells of the granulosa and theca interna form the endocrine gland. The middle contains the remains of the grume that formed after ovulation. Surrounding the clot are glanulosa lutein cells and on the surface theca lutein cells. These cells produce progesterone and to a lesser extent cholesterol.

The granulosa lutein cells have an appearance characteristic of steroid-producing cells, with pale cytoplasm indicating the presence of lipid droplets. Blood vessels penetrate into regions of the granulosa lutein cells allowing them to require up cholesterol to be wont to synthesize progesterone.

The activity of the cells of the endocrine gland is sustained by luteinizing hormones. If the ovum is fertilized and implants within the uterine wall, human chorionic gonadotropin replaces luteinizing hormone to sustain the activity of the cells within the endocrine gland.

Therefore, the correct option is A, corpus luteum.

Note:
Corpus Albicans: If fertilization doesn't occur, the cells of the endocrine gland remain active for roughly 14 days until the amount of LH falls and therefore the endocrine gland involutes to make the corpus albicans. The secretory cells of the endocrine gland degenerate, are phagocytosed by macrophages and replaced by fibrous material.