Question

After fertilization, the ovule grows into:
A. Seed
B. Fruit
C. Placenta
D. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint:
After fertilization, a series of events known as the post-fertilization events starts. These are:
1. Endosperm development.
2. Embryo development.
3. Ovules maturing into seed.
4. Ovary maturing into fruit.
We shall be learning about the third event in detail. A seed is that part of the plant that contains a new plant in a condensed form, and in suitable conditions, it germinates into a new plant.

Complete answer:
Fertilization is the process when one of the sperm cells fuses with the egg inside of an ovule. After fertilization occurs, each ovule develops into a seed.
Now a typical seed consists of:
1. Seed coat: This is formed from integuments of the ovule. It gives protection to the seed. The outer layer of seed coat is known as testa and the inner layer is known as tegmen. A small pore called micropyle remains is present in the seed coat which facilitates entry of oxygen and water into the seed during germination.
2. Endosperm: May be present or absent.
3. Embryo: This is the main part which gives rise to the mature plant and maintains the continuity of generation.

Hence, Option-A) Seed is the correct answer.

Note:
On the basis of presence or absence of endosperm, seeds can be classified into 2 main types:
Endospermic/Albuminous seeds: The seeds where endosperm is present. E.g., Wheat, Maize, Barley, Sunflower, Coconut, Castor, etc.
Non-endospermic/Exalbuminous seeds: The seeds where endosperm is totally consumed during seed development. E.g., Pea, Bean, Groundnut, etc.
A third category called perispermic seeds is also present which refers to those seeds in which remains of nucellus can be seen. The residual, persistent nucellus is called perisperm. E.g., Black pepper, Beet, etc.