Question

Acids contain _ _ _ _ _ _ ions and bases contain _ _ _ _ _ _ ions.

Answer 1

Hint: Acids and Bases are very important parts of our everyday lives. Acids are common in citrus fruits as they contain citric acid or Ascorbic Acid and even in ant which contains formic acid. Bases are commonly found in soaps, detergents, baking soda and many other products. Acids and bases react with one another to give salt and water, the process is termed as Neutralization.

Complete answer:
Acids-Those substances which taste sour, produce salt with base, turn blue litmus red and also react with metals easily producing hydrogen gas. Example-Sulphuric Acid $({H_2}S{O_4})$, Hydrochloric Acid $(HCl)$, Acetic Acid $(C{H_3}COOH)$ etc. Acids have a pH value of less than 7.
Bases-Those substances which taste bitter, produce salt with acid and turn red litmus blue. Example-Sodium hydroxide $(NaOH)$, Potassium hydroxide $(KOH)$, Ammonium hydroxide $(N{H_4}OH)$ etc. Bases have a pH value of more than 7.
The Answer to the question can be understood using the Arrhenius theory. The Arrhenius theory was proposed in 1887 by Arrhenius who was a Swedish scientist.
According to him, acids are the substances which produce hydrogen ions $({H^ + })$ in Aqueous solution. However we know that hydrogen ion cannot exist alone in water so it produces hydronium ion $({H_3}{O^ + })$
Example- $HC{l_{(aq)}} \rightleftharpoons {H^ + }_{(aq)} + C{l^ - }_{(aq)}$
$C{H_3}COO{H_{(aq)}} \rightleftharpoons C{H_3}CO{O^ - }_{(aq)} + {H^ + }_{(aq)}$
Based on this ionization process some Acids are strong acids and others are weak acids. Strong acid produces more hydrogen ions than weak acid.
Bases on the other hand are the substances that ionizes into hydroxide ion $(O{H^ - })$ in Aqueous Solution.
Example- $NaO{H_{(aq)}} \rightleftharpoons N{a^ + }_{(aq)} + O{H^ - }_{(aq)}$
$N{H_4}O{H_{(aq)}} \rightleftharpoons N{H_4}{^ + _{(aq)}} + O{H^ - }_{(aq)}$
Based on this ionization process some bases are strong while others are weak bases. Strong bases produce larger quantities of hydroxide ions than weak bases.
Therefore, Acids contain Hydrogen ions $({H^ + })$ and bases contain Hydroxide ions $(O{H^ - })$.

Note:
It is a very interesting fact that our stomach contains Hydrochloric acid that helps in breaking down the food we eat. The lining of the stomach naturally secretes acid. The overall body pH remains Alkaline due to several buffer and renal systems. Sometimes however due to bad Eating practices the stomach releases more acid resulting in conditions of Acidity.