
According to Lewis concept, acid is:
A. proton donor
B. electron pair donor
C. electron pair acceptor
D. proton acceptor
Answer
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Hint: Lewis concept of acids and bases is based on electronic theory of valency. This concept eliminates the necessity of a proton.
Complete Solution :
According to the Lewis concept, the acid and bases may be defined as follows:
“Acid is a substance which can accept a pair of electrons while base is a substance which can donate a pair of electrons.”
Thus, according to this concept a Lewis base donates an electron pair, which is accepted by a Lewis acid. An acid-base reaction is the sharing of an electron pair between an acid and a base.
According to Lewis concept, the species that can act as Lewis acids are:
1. Neutral molecules in which the central atom has incomplete octet. For example, in and , aluminium and boron have only six electrons in their valence shell.
2. Simple cations such as , , since they are electron deficient.
3. Molecules in which the central atom of p-block has empty d-orbitals and may acquire more than 8 valence electrons. These molecules can accept electron pairs to be accommodated in their empty orbitals. For example, and .
4. Molecules like in which atoms of dissimilar electronegativities are joined by multiple bonds.
Thus, in short, an acid is an electron pair acceptor and a base is an electron pair donor.
So, the correct answer is “Option C”.
Note: According to Bronsted-Lowery concept, an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor.
But Bronsted-Lowery concept, fails to explain the acidic character of , , , although they do not contain any hydrogen, hence, cannot donate a proton.
However, Lewis concept is more useful than Bronsted concept.
Complete Solution :
According to the Lewis concept, the acid and bases may be defined as follows:
“Acid is a substance which can accept a pair of electrons while base is a substance which can donate a pair of electrons.”
Thus, according to this concept a Lewis base donates an electron pair, which is accepted by a Lewis acid. An acid-base reaction is the sharing of an electron pair between an acid and a base.
According to Lewis concept, the species that can act as Lewis acids are:
1. Neutral molecules in which the central atom has incomplete octet. For example, in
2. Simple cations such as
3. Molecules in which the central atom of p-block has empty d-orbitals and may acquire more than 8 valence electrons. These molecules can accept electron pairs to be accommodated in their empty orbitals. For example,
4. Molecules like
Thus, in short, an acid is an electron pair acceptor and a base is an electron pair donor.
So, the correct answer is “Option C”.
Note: According to Bronsted-Lowery concept, an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor.
But Bronsted-Lowery concept, fails to explain the acidic character of
However, Lewis concept is more useful than Bronsted concept.
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