Question

A person is injected with globulin against hepatitis. The immunity attained in this fashion is
A. Artificially acquired passive immunity
B. Artificially acquired active immunity
C. Naturally acquired active immunity
D. Naturally acquired passive immunity

Answer 1

Hint: Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by an infection with the Hepatitis B virus. A common blood test could diagnose the disease. Hepatitis B Vaccine comprises three intramuscular vaccines. After six months of the first vaccine, the second and third vaccines are provided.

Complete answer: Acquired immunity is characterized by memory and pathogen-specific. Primary response means when a pathogen is encountered by our body for the first time it produces a response that is of low intensity. If the same pathogen subsequently is encountered again, a highly intensified secondary or anamnestic response is produced by the body.
In the case of active immunity, antibodies are produced in the host body when a host is exposed to antigens, which may be in the form of living or dead microbes. Active immunity is a fully effective response but is slow and takes time. Injecting microbes deliberately during immunization or infectious organisms gaining access into the body during natural infection can induce active immunity.
Passive immunity refers to when ready-made antibodies are directly given to protect the body against foreign agents.
The preparation of antigenic proteins of pathogen or inactivated/weakened pathogen (vaccine) is introduced into the body is called vaccination. Generation of memory – B and T-cells recognize the pathogen quickly on subsequent exposure with a massive production of antibodies.
A class of immunoglobulins that are produced by the immune system in response to the invasion of the body by foreign particles are called gamma globulin. Gamma globulin is not produced by the recipient's cells because it is a short-term immunization by the injection of antibodies artificially is called acquired passive immunity. When a person is injected with gammaglobulin against hepatitis B, it is known as artificially acquired passive immunity.

So, the correct answer is Option B, Artificially acquired active immunity.

Note:
For getting a quick immune response we need to directly inject the preformed antibodies, or antitoxin (a preparation containing antibodies to the toxin) when a person is infected with some deadly microbes as for example in tetanus. The injection which is given to the patients during snake bites contains preformed antibodies against the snake venom. This type of immunization is called passive immunization.