Question

A genetically manipulated organism containing in its genome one or more inserted gene of other species is called as
A. Transposon
B. Gene expression
C. Transgenic organism
D. Retroposons

Answer 1

Hint: Genetically manipulated organisms are produced in the biotechnology field to use microorganisms, animal or plant cells or their components to generate products and services useful to humans. These are generally produced to obtain novel pharmaceutical proteins.

Complete answer: Transgenic organisms are a group of genetically manipulated organisms containing in its genome one or more inserted genes of other species.
For example, a transgenic crop is a crop that contains and expresses a transgene. They are also called genetically modified crops or GM crops. When transgene is introduced into the genome of an organism, it can achieve one of the following:
Produces a protein that is the product in which we are interested.
Produces a protein that on its own produces the desired phenotype.
Modifies an existing biosynthetic pathway so that a new end product is formed.
Prevents the expression of an existing native gene.
DNA sequences that can jump or move from one location to another in the genome are known as transposons. Before moving to a new place, they copy themselves and leave a copy at the original position. The transposons are used for providing antibiotic resistance.
Retrotransposons are a type of transposon that move in the intermediate RNA form as they first transcribe DNA element into RNA and then reverse transcribe it to DNA after moving. The cDNA formed after reverse transcription gets inserted at a new site in the genome.
Gene expression is the synthesis of a gene product using the information stored in the gene.
So, the correct answer is “Option C”.

Note: Genetic engineering is the technology that helps in the alternation of the genetic make-up of cells by deliberate and artificial means. It involves the transfer or replacement of genes to create recombinant DNA.