Question

A cell organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes is
A. Ribosome
B. Mesosome
C. Lysosome
D. Microsome

Answer 1

Hint: Hydrolytic enzymes help in the catalysis of chemical bonds, thereby helping in the digestion of unwanted intracellular waste material or harmful pathogens invading the cell. Certain cell organelles contain these hydrolytic enzymes, and they help in making the defence mechanism of the cell strong.

Complete answer:
Lysosomes are single membrane-bound organelles present in animal cells. These are heterogeneous structures and greatly vary in size as well as their shape. Lysosomes have acidic internal pH of 5 and are filled with hydrolytic enzymes. They contain about 40 different types of hydrolytic enzymes, including proteases, nucleases, glycosidases, lipases, sulfatases and phospholipases. These enzymes are responsible for controlling intracellular digestion of macromolecules. All hydrolases are acidic because they require an acidic pH for optimal activity.

There are two main types of Lysosomes, namely, primary lysosomes and secondary lysosomes. Primary lysosomes contain material for intracellular digestion whereas secondary lysosomes do not contain material for intracellular digestion. Lysosomes are responsible for digestion of both intracellular and extracellular materials. The process by which materials are taken into the cell from an external environment and broken down by lysosomes is known as heterophagy. In contrast, the digestion of cytoplasmic components within lysosomes is known as autophagy. Some lysosome participates in exocytosis. This enables cells to eliminate undigested contents. For most cells, this seems to be a minor pathway, used only when the cells are stressed.
Therefore, the lysosome is the cell organelle that contains typically hydrolytic enzymes.

The correct answer is option C, which represents ‘lysosome’.

Note:- Lysosomes are cell organelles that contain different types of hydrolytic enzymes that help in intracellular as well as extracellular digestion. These enzymes are essential when it comes to the destruction of the pathogen or altered or damaged cell that may be pathogenic to other health cells or the tissues.